Major Battles and Order of Battle for the 14th U.S. Regulars & Links

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Source for Orders of Battle:
Sykes' Regular Infantry Division, 1861-1864
A History of Regular United States Infantry Operations
in the Civil War's Eastern Theatre, by Timothy J. Reese
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Jefferson, North Carolina

The Peninsula Campaign, Gaines Mill, June 27, 1862
Fifth Corps - Brigadier General Fitz John Porter
Second Division (Regular Divison) - Brigadier General George Sykes
First Brigade - Lt. Colonel Robert C. Buchanan
14th U.S. Infantry (9 Companies) - Capt. John D. O'Connell

The Civil War Home Page - Peninsula Campaign

"I . . . took my position on the right of the 12th Infantry near the woods, just below the house near Edwards’ battery.

"From this point the battalion received a severe fire from the woods, which was turned by the battalion, slowly retiring in good order to the lane near the house referred to, where it took up and held a position until the troops were drawn from the field. During this engagement five officers, - Captain McIntosh, Lieutenants Sinclair, McElhone, Lyon and Hoover - were wounded, the last three badly. Eighteen enlisted men were killed, 113 wounded, and 12 missing. The list of killed is probably greater than here stated. The officers and men behaved well. At night crossed the Chickahominy and encamped on the ground that had been occupied by the general headquarters near Savage Station."

Captain J. D. O’Connell
14^th Infantry, Commanding Battalion

Official Report 146, War of the Rebellion

Medal of Honor

George C. Williams, Quartermaster Sergeant, 1st Battalion, while on duty with the wagon train as quartermaster sergeant, voluntarily left his place of safety in the rear, joined a company, and fought with distinguished gallantry through the action at Gaines' Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862.

On August 28, 1897, he became the third member of the 14th U.S. Regulars to receive the Medal of Honor.

Richmond National Battlefield Park, Richmond, VA

"Battlefield Tragedy, 1862," EyeWitness to History - History through the eyes of those who lived it

The Civil War Home Page - Seven Days

Leaders and Battles - Gaines Mill

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - Gaines Mill

Second Bull Run, August 29-30, 1862
Fifth Corps - Brigadier General Fitz John Porter
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General George Sykes
First Regular Brigade - Lt. Colonel Robert C. Buchanan
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. John D. O'Connell (w); Capt. W. Harvey Brown
2nd Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. David B. McKibbin (w)

Manassas National Battlefield National Park

August 30, 6:00 PM - "On the very ground which Jackson had held in his first battle the best troops of the Federal army were rapidly assembling. Here were Sykes’ regulars and Reynolds’ Pennsylvanians; where the woods permitted batteries had been established; and Porter’s Fifth Army Corps, who at Gaines’ Mill and Malvern Hill had proved such stubborn fighters, opposed a strong front once more to their persistent foes . . . As the attack was pressed the resistance of the Federals grew more stubborn, and before long the Confederate formation lost its strength . . . The conviction that the battle was lost was no longer a signal for 'the thinking bayonets' to make certain of their individual safety; and the regulars, for the second time on the same field, provided a strong nucleus of resistance." - from SonOfTheSouth.net

The Civil War Home Page - Second Bull Run

Son of the South - The Civil War - Second Manassas

Antietam, September 16-17, 1862
Fifth Corps - Brigadier General Fitz John Porter
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General George Sykes
First Regular Brigade - Lt. Colonel Robert C. Buchanan
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. W. Harvey Brown
2nd Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. David B. McKibbin

Brian Downey's Antietam on the Web

On the Brink: The Confederate Center, Boonsboro Turnpike

"Few military organizations find themselves on the precise spot, at the precise moment, to be a trigger to war's conclusion. For Brigadier General George Sykes' 2nd (Regular) Division, Fifth Army Corps, one such golden opportunity came at Antietam."

[Click here to read the entire feature]

by Timothy J. Reese on
Brian Downey's Antietam on the Web

Military History Online

Antietam National Battlefield, Sharpsburg, Maryland

"Carnage At Antietam, 1862," EyeWitness to History - History through the eyes of those who lived it

The Civil War Home Page - Antietam (Sharpsburg)

Fredericksburg, December 14, 1862
Fifth Corps - Brigadier General Dan Butterfield
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General George Sykes
First Regular Brigade - Lt. Colonel Robert C. Buchanan
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. John D. O'Connell
2nd Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry - Capt. Horace K. Thatcher; Capt. Giles B. Overton

Fredericksburg National Military Park -
The Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862

"[Brigadier General A. A. Humphreys' Division] left behind 1,000 dead and wounded piled in front of the stone wall, proving the folly of any further attempt at frontal assault.

"The Regular Division watched impassively as the battered remnants filtered past them into town. It was getting dark now and everyone in their silent ranks knew what would happen next.  . . . The Regular Division was ordered to attack in front and take the enemy's position with the bayonet not halting to discharge their weapons aside the wall. [Buchanan] reminded them that they were Regulars, the army's backbone, and were expected to carry all before them. He assured them that commanding officers held every confidence . . . , but they had heard all that before at Bull Run and Gaines Mill, and knew all too well what it meant - they were dead men."

Timothy J. Reese

Sykes' Regular Infantry Division, 1861-1864

A special series of articles on the Battle of Fredericksburg written by Donald Pfanz

Virtual Tour of Fredericksburg & terrific links for this battle

BrothersWar.com - Fredericksburg

The Civil War Home Page - The Battle of Fredericksburg

Leaders and Battles - Fredericksburg

Fredericksburg Area Tourism  -
Fredericksburg Battlefield

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - Fredericksburg

Chancellorsville, May 1-3, 1863
Fifth Corps - Major General George G. Meade
Second (Regular) Division - Major General George Sykes
First Regular Brigade - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies) - Capt. Jonathan B. Hager; Major Grotius R. Giddings (May 3)

Fredericksburg National Military Park  -
The Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863

May 1, 1863

"The second brigade, then much reduced in numbers, was in advance as skirmishers. The 12th and 14th marched after them in line of battle to the right and left of the road. We soon met the enemy and drove them before us for more than a mile with a perfect rush. The men were full of fight and moved with alacrity. In the first rush a whole company was captured. We were halted in line near the cross-roads, leading to Banks' Ford. But, alas, we were ordered back. Then there was heard cursing and grumbling from the Regulars, not at being ordered into danger, but at being ordered out. All knew too well that again somebody had blundered. In the dusk of the evening we were placed in a new position facing the woods beyond the plank road. "

Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres

First Brigade, Second Division, U.S. Regulars

"Our Division, being in front, met the enemy near Chancellorsville and kept him busily occupied by skirmishing merely. Twas here we lost several officers . . . Sykes was highly pleased, had a nice thing on hand, was rapidly driving the enemy and all looked very promising when an unaccountable order came from Hooker to fall back slowly, which was done without confusion, the Rebels keeping a respectful distance. Hooker at last reached a line he deemed safe, drew up his army and entrenched his positions, issued a buncombe order to the effect that we had now got the enemy into such a strait he must needs come from out his work around Fredericksburg and fight us on our chosen ground where certain destruction awaited him."

Lt. Hamilton S. Hawkins
6th U.S. Regulars

The next day, May 2, 1863, "Stonewall" Jackson conducted his famous march around the Union army, routing the XI Corps and the Federal right flank.

Above quotes from Timothy J. Reese's

Sykes' Regular Infantry Division, 1861-1864

A special series of articles on the Battle of Chancellorsville written by Robert Krick

BrothersWar.com - Chancellorsville

Military History Online - Chancellorsville

Leaders and Battles - Chancellorsville

The Civil War Home Page - The Battle of Chancellorsville

CWSAC Battle Summaries  - Chancellorsville

Coalition to Save Chancellorsville Battlefield

Fredericksburg Area Tourism -
Battle of Chancellorsville

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - Chancellorsville

Gettysburg, July 2-4, 1863
Fifth Corps - Major General George Sykes
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
First Regular Brigade - Colonel Hannibal Day
14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies) - Major Grotius R. Giddings (May 3)

Gettysburg National Military Park

"The Regulars had spent less than an hour in the Wheatfield area and had little opportunity to display their fighting skills there. But, in the words of Lt. Col. William F. Fox, New York's official historian of the battle: they moved off the field in admirable style, with well-aligned ranks, facing about at times to deliver their fire and check pursuit. Recrossing Plum Run Valley, under a storm of bullets that told fearfully on their ranks, they returned to their original position. In this action the regulars sustained severe losses, but gave ample evidence of the fighting qualities, discipline, and steadiness under fire which made them the pattern and admiration of the entire army.

The Regimental Monument for the 14th U.S. Regulars along Ayres Avenue, Houck's Ridge, at Gettysburg. (Read the Text)

"Burbank's brigade sustained 447 casualties in the battle, a comparatively small number until it is recalled that is was a small brigade. Half of its officers were killed or wounded, and nearly half of its enlisted men were casualties. Day's brigade, which had spent its time essentially in reserve and in retreat, had 382 casualties."

Harry W. Pfanz
Gettysburg: The Second Day

Military History Online - Gettysburg

BrothersWar.com - Gettysburg

The Civil War Home Page - The Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 - EyeWitness to History - History through the eyes of those who lived it

Lee's Retreat From Gettysburg, 1863 - EyeWitness to History - History through the eyes of those who lived it

U.S. Regulars in the Gettysburg National Cemetery
Added 05/14/06

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - Gettysburg

The Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Bethesda Church, May 5-June 12, 1864

Fifth Corps - Major General Gouvenor K. Warren
First (Regular) Division - Brigadier General Charles Griffin
First Regular Brigade - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies)
The Wilderness - Captain Edward M. Hudson (w)

Spotsylvania Courthouse - Captain Hamlin W. Keyes (mw)

Bethesda Church - Captain David B. McKibbin (c)

Captain Horace K. Thatcher

Fredericksburg National Military Park -
The Battles of Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House

The Wilderness - May 3-5

"The Regular Brigade crossed at Germanna the night of the 3rd and 4th in territory all too familiar to them. . . . Strewn before them to either side lay the infamous Wilderness where thousands had perished by bullet and flame while Hooker dawdled at Chancellorsville to the east. . . . Skeletal remains of their half-buried of fire-ravaged predecessors lay all about, mute evidence of what awaited them should Lee take it into his head to attack here. . . . Some of Ayres' sardonic Regulars tossed a bleached skull back and forth, as though scoffing at what even professionals had come to dread."

"Ayres' Regular Brigade was up early on Thursday, May 5, gulping down a quick breakfast before running to their places in line. . . .  and began the toruous advance through the undergrowth by regiments in column of fours to the right of the pike. They constituted the extreme right of the army until such time as Wright's division of the VI Corps made connection from the north. . . .

"Sweating and swearing, they emerged at the edge of a broad open field perhaps 800 yards wide and half as deep across which the Rebels could be plainly heard erecting breastworks within their sector of the forest. . . . [H]ere in Sanders' Field - for whatever it might have been worth - the Regulars were about to go in for the last time in ordered ranks. "

Timothy J. Reese

Sykes' Regular Infantry Division, 1861-1864

Fredericksburg National Military Park -
Spotsylvania Battlefield

Virtual Tour of The Wilderness  & terrific links for this battle

The Civil War Home Page - The Wilderness

Fredericksburg Area Tourism -
Wilderness Battlefield

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - The Wilderness

The Civil War Home Page - Spotsylvania Courthouse

Fredericksburg Area Tourism -
Spotsylvania Courthouse Battlefield

U. S. CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHS  - Spotsylvania

Second Battle of The Weldon Railroad (Globe Tavern) - August 18-21, 1864

Fifth Corps - Major General Gouvenor K. Warren
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
First Regular Brigade - Brigadier General Joseph Hayes (c-Aug. 19); Col. Frederick Winthrop;

Col. Charles P. Stone (Aug. 21)
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies) - Captain Charles H. Ingrahm (sick); 1st Lieutenant Alfred Foote (w);

1st Lieutenant John C. White (c)

CWSAC Battle Summaries  - Globe Tavern

Medal of Honor

It was here on August 19, 1864 that Ovila Cayer, Sergeant, Co. A, 1st Battalion saved the regimental colors and took command of the regiment, all the officers having been disabled.  On February 15, 1867, he became the first member of the 14th U.S. Regulars to be issued the Medal of Honor.

Petersburg National Battlefield - Weldon Railroad

The Civil War Siege of Petersburg - CraterRoad.com

Chappell House (Poplar Springs Church), September 29-October 2, 1864

Fifth Corps - Major General Gouvenor K. Warren
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
First Regular Brigade - Lt. Col. Elwell S. Otis (w); Major James Grindlay
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies) - Captain John McClintock

Paths of History - Peebles' Farm

Medal of Honor

On November 25, 1869, Robert Wright, Private, Co. G, 1st Battalion was issued the Medal of Honor for conspicuous gallantry in action at Chappell House, Virginia, October 1, 1864. He became the second member of the regiment to receive this honor.

American Civil War - Peebles' Farm Poplar Springs Church, Wyatt's Farm Virginia

Boydton Plank Road (Hatcher's Run), October 27-28, 1864

Fifth Corps - Major General Gouvenor K. Warren
Second (Regular) Division - Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres
First Regular Brigade - Col. Frederick Winthrop
1st Battalion/14th U.S. Infantry (8 Companies) - Captain John McClintock

CWSAC Battle Summaries  - White Oak Road

The final campaign for the Regulars, this was another sliding maneuver to cutoff Robert E. Lee from the Southside Railroad and the supplies it delivered. Their numbers decimated and the regiments ineffective by now, the Regulars spent this last action in reserve. Reassigned to head-off anticipated election violence in New York City, the Regulars were dismissed to their depots to reorganize following the elections.

The Regulars would return to the Army in time for its triumphant parade through Richmond celebrating the Union victory.

Civil War Preservation Trust - Hatcher's Run